Introduction These 50+ microbiology interview questions and answers for fresher’s cover everything from basics to lab techniques and current trends, helping you confidently clear interviews for roles in quality control, food, pharmaceutical, clinical, and environmental microbiology. Basic Microbiology Interview Questions Q1. What is microbiology? Microbiology is the branch of science that studies microscopic organisms such […]
Introduction This article explains in detail the difference between probiotics and prebiotics, how they work, their sources, benefits, side effects, and how to include them in your diet effectively. Gut health is one of the foundations of overall well-being, influencing digestion, immunity, mood, and even metabolism. Two terms that often appear together in discussions about
Introduction Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (AST) is a fundamental laboratory procedure in clinical microbiology used to determine how effectively antimicrobial agents, such as antibiotics, inhibit or kill bacteria. The main objective of AST is to evaluate whether a microorganism is susceptible, intermediate, or resistant to various antimicrobial drugs. With the rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), AST
What is Plasmid? The term plasmid refers to a small, circular, extrachromosomal double-stranded DNA molecule that exists naturally in many bacteria, and in some archaea and eukaryotic organisms. Plasmids are physically distinct from chromosomal DNA but possess the ability to replicate independently due to their own origin of replication (Ori). These mobile genetic elements often
Introduction The microbiology of fermented foods explores the fascinating role of microorganisms in transforming raw ingredients into flavorful, safe, and nutrient-rich products. Fermentation is a biological process in which bacteria, yeasts, and molds metabolize complex organic substances—such as sugars, starches, and proteins—into simpler compounds like acids, alcohols, gases, and peptides. This transformation not only preserves
Introduction In this article, we will explore the 25 keyways how microbiology helps in vaccine development, from identifying pathogens to creating advanced genetic vaccines, supported by surveillance and biosafety systems. Vaccines are one of the greatest achievements in modern medicine, responsible for saving millions of lives every year. Behind every successful vaccine lies years of
Introduction A homogenizer is a powerful piece of laboratory or industrial machinery that breaks down solid and liquid particles into homogenous, uniform mixtures. It is also known as a cell lysor, dispenser, high shear mixer, rotor stator homogenizer, or sonicator. Auguste Gaulin created it in the early 1900s to make milk more consistent. The main
Introduction Nitrogen is one of the most important nutrients for sustaining life. It is a fundamental building block of proteins, nucleic acids (DNA and RNA), and chlorophyll, which makes it essential for both growth and metabolism. Despite nitrogen gas (N₂) making up nearly 78% of the Earth’s atmosphere, most living organisms cannot directly use this
Introduction Microbiology is a broad scientific discipline that focuses on the study of microscopic organisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, algae, and other microbes. These organisms, despite their tiny size, have a profound impact on human health, agriculture, the environment, and industry. Over the years, microbiology has diversified into several specialized branches, each focusing
Introduction This article explores the 12 key areas of importance of microbiology, highlighting its applications in agriculture, biotechnology, medicine, ecology, and more. Microbiology, the study of microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, protozoa, and algae, plays a vital role in science, industry, medicine, and daily life. Although these organisms are invisible to the naked eye,
